A list of research citations used in DPLI presentations and materials, formatted in the Simplified Citation Style.
This literature review includes current research on literacy methods as well as key historical studies. We’ve done our best to remain unbiased, document what’s known and unknown regarding literacy methods, and include Science of Reading critiques. Please reach out (dyslexicpositivelibraries@gmail.com) if you find errors or discover additional studies that should be included.
Citations for creative works include annotations indicating the permission received for each copyrighted work (permission was granted, the work is in the public domain, it is licensed under Creative Commons, a fair use evaluation was conducted, or we purchased a license to use).
Sections
- Creative Works
- Presentation: Instructional Methods to Reach Neurodiverse Students
- Dyslexia Prevalence
- Hiring Lived Experience Consultants
- New Paradigm for Dyslexia & Neurodiversity
- Libraries & Dyslexia/Neurodiversity
- Literacy Methods
- Literacy Statistics & Instructional Needs
Creative Works
Bobby’s Dyslexia Comic: Hall, Tony. 2006. Bobby’s Dyslexia. ID CS329343. Licensed from CartoonStock.com
English Language is Absurd; I Love Lucy Video: Socol, Ira David. No Limits to Learning. Used with Permission.
Fast Fiction (Avoiding Books Segregation). Carolyn MarRo. Fast Fiction Shelves (Image). Used with permission.
Illiteracy’s Reach: News-Herald. 2018. Illiteracy Often Unseen Very Real Problem for Greater Cleveland Groups Say. Fair Use Evaluation.
Have You Asked Your Librarian? comic: Morgan, Ron. 2015. “I don’t know. Have you thought of asking your librarian?” (cartoon). ID CS111092. Licensed from CartoonStock.com.
Kitten Learns to Trust Again Video: @Liams_Stories. 2025. Kitten Learns to Trust Again Thanks to a Loving Foster Cat Mom. Fair Use Evaluation.
My Rule for Spelling Comic: Bucella, Marty. 2009. My Rule for Spelling is ‘My rule for spelling is, when in doubt, put the letter ‘I’ in front of the word.’ [comic]. ID. CS320085. Licensed from CartoonStock.com.
Sagrada Familia: cosmicenema. 2011. Sagrada Familia Ceiling. Deviant Art. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.
Sagrada Familia: Eide, Brock, and Fernette Eide. Dyslexia WOW Poster. Dyslexic Advantage. Used with Permission.
Wheel of Power/Privilege: Duckworth, Sylvia. Wheel of Power/Privilege (Illustration). Creative Commons BY 4.0
Presentation: Instructional Methods to Reach Neurodiverse Students
All Brains Belong Neuroinclusive Healthcare & Community. 2021-2026. Digital Resource Library.
Baumer, Nicole. Julia Frueh. 2021. What is Neurodiversity? Harvard Health Publishing.
Boyer, Amanda. Amir El-Chidiac. 2025. Supporting Neurodiverse Students in Academic Libraries. Association of College and Research Libraries.
Brackett, Marc. 2019. Permission to Feel: The Power of Emotional Intelligence to Achieve Well-Being and Success. Celadon Books.
Burgstahler, Sheryl E. 2020. Creating Inclusive Learning Opportunities in Higher Education: A Universal Design Toolkit. Harvard Education Press.
Carley, Emily. 2021. Student Prep Checklist.
Coghill, Elizabeth M.H. Jeffrey G. Coghill. 2021. Supporting Neurodiverse College Student Success: A Guide for Librarians, Support Services, and Academic Learning Environments. Rowman & Littlefield.
Dehaene, Stanislas. 2020. How We Learn: Why Brains Learn Better than Any Machine… for Now. Penguin Random House.
Dolmage, J. 2018. Academic Ableism: Disability and Higher Education. University of Michigan Press.
Dehaene, Stanislas. 2010. Reading in the Brain: The New Science of How We Read. Penguin Books.
Frank, Jacqueline. 2024. Instruction Strategies to Support Neurodivergent Students (webinar). Association of College and Research Libraries. Note: The Dyslexic Positive Libraries Initiative does not recommend this resource.
Hinson-Williams, Jessica. 2024. Autistic Students and Academic Library Research: Recommendations for a Neurodiversity-Informed Approach. In the Library with the Lead Pipe.
Jagt, Tyler. 2026. My Students Can’t Read: The Generational Collapse in Literacy is Measurable, Persistent, and Likely to Get Worse. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Note: The Dyslexic Positive Libraries Initiative does not recommend this resource.
Markos, Hannah. Alicia Beth. 2024-2025. NeuroTangents. Vermont Higher Education Collaborative.
Meming Wiki. 2012. How Do You Do, Fellow Kids. Meme Originated from 30 Rock. Meming Wiki.
Nau, Kim. Orton-Gillingham Institute Fellow.
Schopf, Jeanne A. 2026. Reading Isn’t Optional: Fulfilling the Promise of Literacy for Secondary Students. Solution Tree Press.
Seelmeyer, Lynette. 2024. Disability and Neurodiversity in the Academic Library: Fostering New and Continuing Engagement. Public Services Quarterly.
Sedita, Joan. Differentiated Learning: I, We, You. Keys to Literacy.
Weinstein, Yana. Megan Sumeracki. Oliver Caviglioli. 2018. Understanding How We Learn: A Visual Guide. Routledge.
Willis, Judy. 2014 The Neuroscience Behind Stress and Learning. Edutopia.
95 Percent Group. 2025. Tools & Technologies for You and Them (Presentation). 95 Percent Group.
NAEP. 2024. Reportcard: Grade 12 Reading. National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), National Center for Educational Statistics.
Whitehead, Susan. 2023. What Did We Cover & Where Are We Going Presentation Style.
Wexler, N. (2019). The Knowledge Gap: The Hidden Cause of America’s Broken Education System & How to Fix It. Penguin Random House.
Dyslexia Prevalence
Dyslexia: No author. No date. What is Dyslexia. Made by Dyslexia.
Dyslexia: No Author. 2025. Definition of Dyslexia. International Dyslexia Association.
Dyslexia: Shaywitz, Bennett A., & Shaywitz, Sally E. 2020. The American Experience: Towards a 21st century Definition of Dyslexia. Oxford Review of Education.
Dyslexia Prevalence: Shaywitz, Sally, and Jonathan Shaywitz. 2020. Overcoming Dyslexia. 2nd edition. Vintage.
Dyslexia Prevalence: Wagner, Richard K., Fotena A Zirps, and Sarah G. Wood. 2022. Developmental Dyslexia (chapter 10). Margaret J. Snowling, Charles Hulme, and Kate Nation (editors). The Science of Reading: A Handbook. Wiley Blackwell.
Dyslexia Prevalence: Wagner, Richard, Fotena A. Zirps, Ashley A. Edwards, Sarah G. Wood, Rachel E. Joyner, Betsy J. Becker, Guangyun Liu, and Bethany Beal. 2020. The Prevalence of Dyslexia: A New Approach to its Estimation. Journal of Learning Disabilities.
New Paradigm for Dyslexia & Neurodiversity
Harmful Autistic Interventions: ASAN. For Whose Benefit?: Evidence, Ethics, and Effectiveness of Autism Interventions. Autism Self Advocacy Network ASAN.
Dyslexic Strengths: Bragonier, Dean. 2015. The True Gifts of a Dyslexic Mind (TEDxMarthasVineyard). YouTube.
Dyslexic Strengths: Dyslexic Thinking Skills. Made by Dyslexia.
Dyslexic Strengths: Eide, Brock and Fernette Eide. 2023. The Dyslexic Advantage: Unlocking the Hidden Potential of the Dyslexic Brain. Plume.
Dyslexic Strengths: Lam, J. H. Y., Tong, S. X. 2021. Drawing a New Picture: Children with Developmental Dyslexia Exhibit Superior Nonverbal Creativity. Research in Developmental Disabilities.
Dyslexic Strengths: Taylor, Helen, and Martin David Vestergaard. 2022. Developmental Dyslexia: Disorder or Specialization in Exploration?. Frontiers in Psychology.
Dyslexic Challenges: Eide, Brock and Fernette Eide. 2023. The Dyslexic Advantage: Unlocking the Hidden Potential of the Dyslexic Brain. Plume.
Dyslexic Challenges: Wagner, Richard K., Fotena A Zirps, and Sarah G. Wood. (2022). Developmental Dyslexia (chapter 10). Margaret J. Snowling, Charles Hulme, and Kate Nation (editors). The Science of Reading: A Handbook. Wiley Blackwell.
DEI Collection Development: McNair, Jonda C. 2016. #WeNeedMirrorsAndWindows: Diverse Classroom Libraries for K-6 Students. The Reading Teacher.
Harmful Practices: Roberts, Julie. 2023. Toxic Social Skills Training. Therapist Neurodiversity Training.
Hiring Lived Experience Consultants
Davis, Xusana. Jay Greene. 2023. Recommendations for State Advisory Bodies. State of Vermont Office of Racial Equity.
Forde, Jasmine. Sonia Alves. Lauren Amos. Ryan Ruggiero. Annalisa Mastri. Kate Bradley. Nkemdiri Wheatley. Tonyka McKinney. Dana Jean-Baptiste. Jeremiah Donier. Madison Sandoval-Lunn. Wilnisha Sutton. Roger De Leon. Kataney Prior. 2023. Recruiting Individuals with Lived Experience. Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE).
No Author. 2026. Spectrum of Community Engagement to Ownership. Facilitating Power.
Skelton-Wilson, Syreeta. Madison Sandoval-Lunn. Xiaodong Zhang. Francesca Stern. Jessica Kendall. 2022. Methods and Emerging Strategies to Engage People with Lived Experience. Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE).
Libraries and Dyslexia/Neurodiversity
Adkins, Denice. Bobbie Bushman. 2015. A Special Needs Approach: A Study of How Libraries Can Start Programs for Children with Disabilities. Children & Libraries.
Beechey, Jan. 2022. Supporting Pupils with Dyslexia. School Librarian.
Burke, Brendan. 2023. Parent, library teaming up to help kids with dyslexia boost reading skills; Virtual discussion to offer tips on how to use decodable books to improve kids’ literacy skills. Peterborough This Week.
Cahill, Maria, Hayley Hoffman, Erin Ingram, and Soohyung Joo. 2022. Supporting School Readiness Through Librarian-Child Interactions in Public Library Storytimes: An Analysis of Assessment Scores and Influential Factors. Early Childhood Education.
Coghill, Elizabeth M. H, and Jeff Coghill. 2021. Supporting Neurodiverse College Student Success: A Guide for Librarians, Student Support Services, and Academic Learning Environments. Rowman & Littlefield.
Cole, Lynne, Andrew MacFarlane, and George Buchanan. 2016. Does Dyslexia Present Barriers to Information Literacy in an Online Environment? A Pilot Study. Library and Information Research.
Collins, Karla Bame. 2024. School Libraries Supporting Students with Hidden Needs and Talents: From ADHD to Vision Impairment. Bloomsbury.
Copeland, Clayton A. 2022. Disabilities and the Library: Fostering Equity for Patrons and Staff with Differing Abilities. Chapter 4: Serving Patrons with Dyslexia in Public and School Libraries. Book Chapter. Bloomsbury.
Cowan, R. 2026. Take-Home Decodable Book Bags: Leveraging the School to Home Connection to Support Phonics Instruction. School Community Journal.
Daskalakes, D. T. M., & Cahill, M. 2024. “We’re all pretty welcoming”: Inclusion of Children with Disabilities in Library Storytime Programs. Journal of Early Intervention.
Frank, Jacqueline L. Jennifer Pawlak. 2025. Making Room for Everyone: A Practical Guide for Creating Sensory Spaces in the Library. The Journal of Creative Library Practices.
Fort, Valerie Byrd. 2021. Supporting Dyslexic Readers in the School Library. School Library Connection.
Gardner, Sally. 2021. Reluctant Readers: Understanding and Writing for Them. School Librarian.
Godbey, Megan, and Laurie Handshu. 2017. Stigma-Free Reading for Adults: How Nashville Public Library Rebooted its Hi-lo Offerings into the Fresh Reads Collection. Library Journal.
Godding, Chloe. 2024. East Hills Library Hosting Dyslexia Awareness Series this October. St. Joseph News-Press.
Greene, Talia. 2024. Parenting with Dyslexia: One Father’s Creative Approach to Storytime. Children & Libraries.
Gubnitskaia, Vera. Carol Smallwood. 2020. Homeschooling and Libraries: New Solutions and Opportunities. McFarland. Chapter 4: Homeschooling, Children with Special Needs and the Library by Sarah M. Sieg (book chapter). McFarland.
Gubnitskaia, Vera; Smallwood, Carol. 2020. Homeschooling and Libraries: New Solutions and Opportunities. McFarland. Chapter 6: Educating Homeschoolers with Learning Differences Using Design Thinking and Continuing Education Resources by Angiah Davis and Cordelia Riley (book chapter). McFarland.
Hillson, H. 2025. LIS Vocational Education at the Margins: A Personal View of Inclusion, Accessibility, and Support for Neurodiverse Learners in Australia. Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association.
Huffman, Stephanie and others. 2020. Meeting the Needs of Students with Dyslexia: Librarians, Teachers, and Students Working Together Hand-in-Hand. Reading Improvement.
Ikeshita, Hanae. 2020. Japanese Public Library Services for Dyslexic Children. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science.
IFLA. 2019. Guidelines for Library Services to Persons with Dyslexia. International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. Note: The Dyslexic Positive Libraries Initiative does not recommend this resource.
Irwin,J., Moore, D. 2015. Preparing Children for Reading Success: Hands-On Activities for Librarians, Educators, and Caregivers. Rowman & Littlefield.
Kleekamp, M. 2025. Humanizing Neurodivergence: Amplifying the nuance of neurodivergent experiences through children’s picture books. Literacy Today.
Kirk, M. 2024. Axminster Library Launches “Dyslexia friendly” Backpacks Initiative for Families. Midweek Herald.
Langdale, L. 2025. Decoding Dyslexia: The Art of Learning Differently with Library Resources. Port Macquarie News.
Larson, A., & Primeau, H. 2025. Empathetic Pedagogy: Fostering Inclusivity in Library Instruction for Neurodiverse Learners.
Lauren, Jill. 2021. Dyslexia and Our Public Libraries. Perspectives on Language and Literacy.
Li, Qingyu, Jenny Wong, and Dickson K.W Chiu. 2023. School Library Reading Support for Students with Dyslexia: A Qualitative Study in the Digital Age. Library Hi Tech.
Lise, Lemoine and others. 2025. Children’s Books as a Tool for Raising Young Readers’ Awareness of Dyslexia. Dyslexia.
Lundh, Anna Hampson, and Genevieve Marie Johnson. 2015. The Use of Digital Talking Books by People with Print Disabilities: A Literature Review. Library Hi Tech.
Matsudo, H., Noguchi, K., & Noguchi, T. 2025. Process of Implementing Support for Students With Disabilities at Sixteen Japanese Academic Libraries. New Review of Academic Librarianship.
Mrva-Montoya, A., Kaeding, J., & Chen, H. 2025. Print Disability and Public Libraries in Australia: Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of the Australian Library & Information Association.
Nganji, Julius T. 2018. Supporting the Information Journey of Students with Disabilities through Accessible Learning Materials. Information and Learning Science.
Nall, Clark. 2016. College STAR for Librarians. North Carolina Libraries.
Nicholson, Jennifer. 2023. Through a Librarian’s Eye: Understanding Dysgraphia and Dyslexia. Children & Libraries.
Nganji, Julius T. 2018. Supporting the Information Journey of Students with Disabilities through Accessible Learning Materials. Information and Learning Science.
Ochsner, C., & Dinneen, J. 2025. Neurodivergence in academic libraries: A review of findings, recommendations, and remaining gaps in practice and research. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology.
Pinkowski, Jen. 2017. Ending the Stigma of Dyslexia: A Dynamic Duo in South Carolina Promotes Understanding of Neurodiversity. School Library Journal.
PLA and ALSC. 2024. Every Child Ready to Read–Read. Learn. Grow. PLA Public Library Association and ALSC Association of Library Services to Children.
Potnis, Devendra and Kevin Mallary. 2023. Comparing the ‘Value of Information Services’ for Providers and Vulnerable Patrons: A Mixed-Methods Study with Academic Libraries and Students with Disabilities. Information Research.
Ralli, Jessica, and Rachel G. Payne. 2024. Preschoolers and the Science of Reading: First Steps. School Library Journal.
Rutledge, Hazel. 2002. Dyslexia: Challenges and Opportunities for Public Libraries. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science.
Sasein, S. , Abbaspour, J. , Hemati Alamdarloo, G. and Alborzi, M. 2025. Identification of Features of E-Book Reading Applications for Children with Dyslexia: Systematic Review. Academic Librarianship and Information Research.
Shirley M., Hannah Shirley, and B.Monika Nair. 2024. The Role of School Libraries in Supporting Dyslexic Students: An Analysis of Resources and Services. Library of Progress-Library Science, Information Technology & Computer.
Syma, Carrye. 2019. Invisible Disabilities: Perceptions and Barriers to Reasonable Accommodations in the Workplace. Library Management.
Webb, Katy Kavanagh, and Jeanne Hoover. 2015. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in the Academic Library: A Methodology for Mapping Multiple Means of Representation in Library Tutorials. College & Research Libraries.
Literacy Methods
Adolescents: Sedit, Joan. 2011. Adolescent Literacy: Addressing the Needs of Students in Grades 4–12. Chapter 17 in Multisensory Teaching of Basic Language Skills. Edited by Judith R. Birsh and Suzanne Carreke. Brookes.
Adolescents: Schopf, Jeanne A. 2026. Reading Isn’t Optional: Fulfilling the Promise of Literacy for Secondary Students. Solution Tree Press.
Black Language: Penn, Jenell Igeleke. 2026. Little Letters, Heavy Lessons: A Black Mother’s Critique of a “Simple” Phonics Lesson and the Myths of Neutral Instruction. The Reading Teacher.
Black Language: Baker-Bell, April. Carmen Kynard. No Date. Black Linguistic Justice.
Decodable vs. Leveled Books: Pugh, A., Kearns, D. M. and Hiebert, E. H. 2023. Text Types and their Relation to Efficacy in Beginning Reading Interventions. Reading Research Quarterly.
Decodable Books: Mulligan, Rachel. 2024. Support Classroom Literacy with Decodables. School Library Journal.
Decodable Books: Murphy Odo, Dennis. 2024. The Use of Decodable Texts in the Teaching of Reading in Children Without Reading Disabilities: A Meta‐Analysis. Literacy.
Decodable Books: Pierce, Dennis. 2024. Cracking the Code: High-Quality Decodable Books Help Children Learn To Read. School Library Journal.
Decodable Books: TMKTR. 2021. List of Decodable Books. TMKTR Teach my Kid to Read.
Early Childhood: Terrell, Pamela, and Maggie Watson. 2018. Laying a Firm Foundation: Embedding Evidence-Based Emergent Literacy Practices into Early Intervention and Preschool Environments. Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools.
Early Childhood: Cahill, Maria, Hayley Hoffman, Erin Ingram, and Soohyung Joo. 2022. Supporting School Readiness Through Librarian-Child Interactions in Public Library Storytimes: An Analysis of Assessment Scores and Influential Factors. Early Childhood Education.
Early Childhood: PLA and ALSC. 2024. Every Child Ready to Read. Read. Learn. Grow. PLA Public Library Association and ALSC Association of Library Services to Children.
Early Childhood: Ralli, Jessica, and Rachel G. Payne. 2024. Preschoolers and the Science of Reading: First Steps. School Library Journal.
Equity: Jang, B. G., & Franz, K. 2026. When Science of Reading Meets Equity: Understanding and Applying Equity‐Oriented Models to Enhance a Phonics Intervention. Reading Research Quarterly.
Leveled Books: Shanahan, Timothy. 2025. Leveled Reading, Leveled Lives: How Students’ Reading Achievement Has Been Held Back and What We Can Do About It. Harvard Education Press.
Literacy in Libraries: No author. 2021. The Roadmap to Reading. Teach my Kid to Read.
Literacy Methods Evaluation: National Research Council. 1998. Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children: Consensus Study Report. National Research Council.
Literacy Method Evaluation: Birch, Rachel. Heather Sharp. Drew Miller. Denyse Ritchie. 2022. A Systematic Literature Review of Decodable and Leveled Reading Books for Reading Instruction in Primary School Contexts: An Evaluation of Quality Research Evidence. University of Newcastle Research Alliance for Language, Literature, and Literacy.
Literacy Methods Evaluation: McArthur, Genevieve. Yumi Sheehan, Nicholas A Badcock, Deanna A Francis, Hua‐Chen Wang, Saskia Kohnen, Erin Banales, Thushara Anandakumar, Eva Marinus, Anne Castles. 2018. Phonics Training for English-Speaking Poor Readers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
Literacy Methods Evaluation: Suggate, S. P. 2014. A Meta-Analysis of the Long-Term Effects of Phonemic Awareness, Phonics, Fluency, and Reading Comprehension Interventions. Journal of Learning Disabilities.
Literacy Method Evaluation: Castles, Anne. Kathleen Rastle. Kate Nation. 2018. Ending the Reading Wars: Reading Acquisition from Novice to Expert. Psychological Science in the Public Interest.
Literacy Methods Evaluation: Hansford, Nathaniel, Scott Dueker, Kathryn Garforth, Jill Grande, Joshua King & Sky McGlynn. 2025. An Exploratory Quantitative Analysis of Research on Balanced Literacy and Structured Literacy. Discover Education.
Literacy Method Evaluation: Ehri, Linnea C. S. R. Nunes. S. A. Stahl. D. M. Willows. 2001. Systematic Phonics Instruction Helps Students Learn to Read: Evidence from the National Reading Panel’s Meta-Analysis. Review of Educational Research.
Literacy Method Evaluation: Wyse, D., Esposito, R., Sumner, E., & Ranken, E. 2026. Mapping the Field of Effective Teaching and Interventions for Children With Reading Difficulties: A Systematic Tertiary Review, Qualitative Meta‐Synthesis, and National Survey. Reading Research Quarterly.
Morphology: Colenbrander, Danielle. Alexa von Hagen. Saskia Kohnen. 2024. The Effects of Morphological Instruction on Literacy Outcomes for Children in English-Speaking Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Educational Psychology Review.
Multilingual Learners: Kittle, J. M., Amendum, S. J., & Budde, C. M. (2024). What Does Research Say About the Science of Reading for K-5 Multilingual Learners? A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews. Educational Psychology Review.
Multilingual Learners: Cavazos, Linda, Claude Goldenberg. 2026. The Road to Reading for English Learners. American Educator.
National Reading Panel: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. 2000. Report of the National Reading Panel: Teaching Children to Read: An Evidence-Based Assessment of the Scientific Research Literature on Reading and Its Implications for Reading Instruction (NIH Publication # 00-4754). Government Printing Office.
Orthographic Mapping: Ehri, Linnea C. 2014. Orthographic Mapping in the Acquisition of Sight Word Reading, Spelling Memory, and Vocabulary Learning. Scientific Studies of Reading.
Phonemic Awareness, Optimal Amount: Erbeli, Florina. Marianne Rice. Ying Xu. Megan E. Bishop. J. Marc Goodrich. 2024. A meta-analysis on the optimal cumulative dosage of early phonemic awareness instruction. Scientific Studies of Reading.
Phonological & Phonemic Awareness: Reading Rockets. Phonological and Phonemic Awareness: Activities for Your Pre-K Child. Reading Rockets.
Reading Brain: Kearns, Devin; Hancock, Roeland; Fumiko Hoeft. 2019. The Neurobiology of Dyslexia. Teaching Exceptional Children.
Reading Brain: Wolf, MaryAnne. 2007. Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain. Harper.
Reading Brain: Wolf, MaryAnne. 2019. Reader, Come Home: The Reading Brain in a Digital World. Harper.
Reading Brain: Seidenberg, Mark & James McClelland. 1989. A Distributed, Developmental Model of Word Recognition and Naming. Psychological Review.
SoR: No Author. 2024. The Science of Reading Toolkit: Evidence-Based Approaches for Public Libraries (and accompanying website). Urban Library Council.
SoR Critique: Elzy‐Palmer, JaNiece. Alexandra Babino. Tee Hubbard. 2025. Dimensions of Equity in the Science of Reading Research: A Systematic Review of Actual, Artificial, and Absent Up‐Takes of Equity. Reading Research Quarterly.
Stages of Reading Development: Lane, Holly B. 2022. How Children Learn to Read Words: Ehri’s Phases. UFLI University of Florida Literacy Institute.
Stages of Reading Development: Linnea C. Ehri and Sandra McCormick. 1998. Phases of Word Learning: Implications for Instruction With Delayed and Disabled Readers. Reading & Writing Quarterly: Overcoming Learning Difficulties.
Stages of Reading Development: Ehri, L. C. 1995. Phases of development in learning to read words by sight. Journal of Research in Reading.
Universal SOR: Schechter, R. L., Gross, R., Ilievski, I., & Janakiefski, L. 2025. Tier 1 phonics curriculum supports multilingual and sped students who are behind on third-grade reading skills. Reading Psychology.
Literacy Statistics & Instructional Needs
Literacy Instructional Needs: Young, Nancy. 2024. A Closer Look (chapter 2). Nancy Young and Jan Hasbrouck (editors). Climbing The Ladder of Reading & Writing: Meeting the Needs of ALL Learners. Benchmark Education.
28% of US Adults Not Yet Able to Read 2023: No Author. 2023. Highlights of the 2023 U.S. PIAAC Results. Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), National Center for Education Statistics, United States Department of Education.
17% of US Adults Not Able to Read 2017: No author. 2017. Highlights of the 2017 U.S. PIAAC Results. Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), National Center for Education Statistics, United States Department of Education.
32% 12th graders lack basic reading 2024: No Author. 2024. NAEP Report Card: Grade 12 Reading. National Assessment of Educational Progress NAEP, National Center for Educational Statistics, United States Department of Education.
Low Literacy in US-born Adults: No Author. 2019. Data Point: Adult Literacy in the United States. National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES), United States Department of Education.
Effects of Low Literacy: No Author. No Date. Language & Literacy: Social Determinants of Health Literature Summaries. Healthy People 2030. United States Department of Health & Human Services.